毛里求斯金融服务委员会(Financial Services Commission, Mauritius,简称 FSC Mauritius)负责监管毛里求斯的非银行金融服务,包括Global Business、证券及资本市场、基金、保险、私人养老金、公司及信托服务、虚拟资产以及现货商品市场等业务。
根据FSC公布的《Financial Services (Consolidated Licensing and Fees) Rules 2008》合并版本,截至 2025年7月1日 的最新修订,FSC官方所称的"Licence"属于广义概念,除正式牌照外,也包括授权(Authorisation)、批准(Approval)、认可(Recognition)及注册(Registration)等多种形式。
📊 完整统计: 将机构牌照、个人代表牌照、基金授权、PCC结构、境外机构认可、ITO注册、信托授权及VCC授权分别计算,毛里求斯FSC监管项目已达到 116个项目,分为以下七大类别。
①
Global Business及公司服务
14项
FS-4.1 Global Business Licence
全球业务牌照 - 主要面向毛里求斯境外开展业务的公司
FS-4.3 Authorised Company
授权公司 - 由非毛里求斯居民控制的公司
FS-3.1A Management Licence
管理公司牌照 - Global Business体系的核心持牌中介
FS-3.1B Management Licence—Qualified Corporate Trustee Only
管理公司牌照(仅限合资格企业受托人)
FS-3.2 Nominee Company Approval
代名人公司批准 - 名义持有人服务
FS-1.8 Global Headquarters Administration Licence
全球总部行政管理牌照
FS-1.9 Global Treasury Activities Licence
全球财资活动牌照
FS-1.10 Global Legal Advisory Services Licence
全球法律顾问服务牌照
FS-7.1 Global Shared Services Licence
全球共享服务牌照
FS-1.15 Single Family Office Licence
单一家族办公室牌照
FS-1.16 Multiple Family Office Licence
多家族办公室牌照
TAC-1.1 Qualified Trustee Authorisation
合资格受托人授权
TAC-1.2 Enforcer Authorisation
目的信托执行人授权
TAC-1.3 Successor to Enforcer Authorisation
后继目的信托执行人授权
②
资本市场、证券及基金
45项
SEC-1.1 Securities Exchange | SEC-1.2 Clearing and Settlement Facility | SEC-1.3 Securities Trading Systems
SEC-4.4 Reporting Issuer | SEC-2.1A Full Service Dealer (with Underwriting) | SEC-2.1B Full Service Dealer (without Underwriting)
SEC-2.1C Investment Dealer—Derivatives | SEC-2.2 Investment Dealer—Broker | SEC-2.3 Investment Dealer—Discount Broker
SEC-3.0 Government Securities Dealer | SEC-2.4 Investment Adviser—Unrestricted | SEC-2.5 Investment Adviser—Restricted
SEC-2.5A Corporate Finance Adviser | SEC-2.6A-C Full Service Dealer Representatives (3 types) | SEC-2.6D-F Broker Representatives (3 types)
SEC-2.7A-C Adviser Representatives (3 types) | SEC-2.6Cv Derivatives Dealer Representative | SEC-3.1A-Dv CIS (4 types)
SEC-3.2A-Dv Closed-End Fund (4 types) | Special Purpose Fund | REIT Authorisation | SEC-3.3A-B Foreign Schemes (2 types)
SEC-4.1 Custodian | SEC-4.2 CIS Manager | SEC-4.3 CIS Administrator | SEC-6.1-5 Foreign Investment Dealers (5 types)
SEC-7.1 Remote Custodian | VCC-1.1 VCC Fund
③
保险及再保险
17项
INS-1.1 Long-Term Insurance Business | INS-1.1Av Long-Term Insurance PCC | INS-1.2 General Insurance Business
INS-1.2Av General Insurance PCC | INS-1.3 External Insurance Business | INS-1.3Av External Insurance PCC
INS-1.4 Professional Reinsurer | INS-1.4Av Professional Reinsurer PCC | INS-2.1 Insurance Manager
INS-2.2A Insurance Agent—Company | INS-2.2B Insurance Agent—Individual | INS-2.3 Insurance Broker
INS-2.4 Insurance Salesperson | INS-2.5 Claims Professional | INS-2.6 Third Party Administrator
CI-1.1A Captive Insurance Business | CI-2.1 Captive Insurance Agent
④
私人养老金
7项
PPS-1.1 Pension Scheme | PPS-1.2 Foreign Pension Scheme | PPS-1.3 External Pension Scheme
PPS-1.3Cv External Pension Scheme PCC | PPS-2.1 Governing Body Authorisation | PPS-2.2 Long-Term Insurer Authorisation
FS-1.3 Pension Scheme Administrator
⑤
其他非银行金融服务
21项
FS-1.1 Assets Management | FS-1.2 Distribution of Financial Products | FS-1.5 Registrar and Transfer Agent
FS-1.6 Treasury Management | FS-1.7 Custodian Services—Non-CIS | FS-1.11 Funeral Scheme Management
FS-1.14 Custodian Services—Digital Asset | FS-1.17 Peer-to-Peer Lending | FS-1.18 Robotic and AI Enabled Advisory Services
FS-1.19 Crowdfunding | FS-1.20 Money Lending | FS-2.3 Credit Finance
FS-2.4 Factoring | FS-2.5 Leasing | FS-2.7 Actuarial Services
FS-2.8 Credit Rating Agencies | FS-2.9 Payment Intermediary Services | FS-2.10 Representative Office for Foreign Financial Services Provider
FS-2.11 Other Financial Business Activity | FS-6.1 Investment Banking | FS-5.1 Self-Regulatory Organisation
⑥
虚拟资产业务
6项
VA-1.1 Class M Virtual Asset Broker-Dealer | VA-1.2 Class O Virtual Asset Wallet Services
VA-1.3 Class R Virtual Asset Custodian | VA-1.4 Class I Virtual Asset Advisory Services
VA-1.5 Class S Virtual Asset Market Place | VT-1.1 Issuer of Initial Token Offerings
⑦
现货商品市场
6项
FS-1.21 Spot Commodity Broker | FS-1.22 Spot Commodity Broker's Representative
FS-1.23 Spot Commodity Clearing House | FS-1.24 Spot Commodity Market
FS-1.25 Spot Commodity Trading Adviser | FS-1.26 Spot Commodity Trading Adviser's Representative
📊 数量口径及使用时的注意事项
以上按照业务、机构、个人代表、基金结构及附加授权分项列示,共整理出 116个项目序号。但这并不代表FSC存在116张完全独立、互不关联的公司牌照。
💡 为什么是116项而不是"40+"项?
116项包括:机构牌照、自然人代表牌照、公司身份、基金授权、子基金结构、PCC结构、Multiclass结构、境外机构认可、发行人注册、附加基金授权、信托人士授权、SRO认可等。
如仅计算"主要机构级金融业务牌照",数量会明显少于116项;如把每一项牌照、授权、批准、认可、注册及结构形式分别计算,数量则超过市场常说的"40+种"。
📌 说明: FSC 名下类别众多,上述为常见/主要类别。不同类别在法律性质上可能分别属于 Licence(牌照)、Authorisation(授权)、Registration(注册)或 Recognition/Approval(认可/批准)。
🎯 申请时不能只看牌照名称
毛里求斯FSC申请实务中,首先需要判断的是具体商业模式,而不是先选择一个名称相近的牌照。以下是常见业务模式与牌照组合的对应关系:
| 业务模式 |
可能涉及的牌照组合 |
| 证券交易平台 |
Securities Trading Systems + Investment Dealer + Clearing and Settlement Facility + Custodian + Investment Adviser(可能需要多张牌照组合) |
| 外汇/CFD平台 |
Investment Dealer—Derivatives + Derivatives Dealer Representative + 客户资金管理安排 + 可能涉及Bank of Mauritius监管 |
| 基金业务 |
CIS或Closed-End Fund + CIS Manager + Custodian + CIS Administrator + GBL + VCC或PCC + Special Purpose Fund或REIT授权(可能需要多张牌照) |
| 加密资产交易所 |
Class S虚拟资产市场 + Class M经纪交易商 + Class R托管 + Class O钱包 + ITO发行人注册 + Payment Intermediary或银行合作 |
| 黄金现货交易平台 |
Spot Commodity Market + Spot Commodity Broker + Spot Commodity Clearing House + Spot Commodity Trading Adviser + 托管/仓储/交收安排 |
| 支付业务 |
Payment Intermediary Services Licence + 可能涉及Bank of Mauritius监管(汇款、电子货币、存款、法币转移) |
⚠️ 核心提示: 毛里求斯FSC的金融监管体系由多层结构组成:公司身份层(GBL、Authorised Company)、金融业务层(证券、保险、基金等)、功能机构层(管理人、托管人、行政管理人)、从业人员层(证券代表、保险销售人员等)、结构授权层(PCC、VCC、多基金)、境外认可层(Foreign Scheme等)、新兴金融层(虚拟资产、AI顾问等)、商品市场层(现货商品市场等)。
计划申请毛里求斯金融牌照时,应先明确:经营什么产品、面向哪些国家和客户、是否持有客户资金或资产、是否执行交易、是否提供投资建议、是否运营撮合平台、是否提供托管或钱包、是否使用基金/VCC/PCC结构、是否需要GBL、是否同时受到Bank of Mauritius或其他监管机关监管。